佛教海線絲綢之路 | Buddhist Maritime Silk Road
佛教海線絲綢之路 | Buddhist Maritime Silk Road
2021/03/25
2021/05/29
<div>新媒體藝術特展 | New Media Art Exhibition<br></div>
展覽頁面呈現形式
橫式
策展者
如常法師 | Ven. Ru Chang
蘭卡斯特教授 | Prof. Lancaster
邵志飛教授 | Prof. Jeffrey Shaw
莎拉‧肯德丁 | Sarah Kenderdine
展覽封面
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展覽資料
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"desc": "公元初期，佛教藉由海路從印度恆河流域傳入東亞及內亞，可說是佛教歷史上重大的一環。而佛教得以廣傳至印度本土之外，海港及河岸轉驛站是重要的媒介。本次展覽聚焦於佛教如何經由海線網絡從印度傳入中國及東南亞。<br>The spread of Buddhism by maritime routes from the Ganges Basin in India to East and Inner Asia, in the early centuries of the Common Era (CE), is a crucial element in the history of the religion. Seaports and connecting sites located on rivers played a major role in the expansion of Buddhism beyond the shores of India. The focus of this exhibition is the way Buddhism traveled these maritime routes in networks that flowed from India to China and south eastern Asia.<br>",
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"title": "第2單元 | Chapter 2",
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"desc": "<div>佛教是便於流傳的宗教，經文可傳播到各地，翻譯成各種語言，釋迦牟尼佛的舍利神力亦不受地域所限，無遠弗界。佛教鼓勵僧眾行旅各地，與其他文化及宗教背景的人往來、修造佛塔。早期佛教的傳揚始於人們對佛陀舍利的禮拜，當時沒有佛的塑像可朝禮，而是以足印、菩提樹或法輪象徵釋迦牟尼佛，其後從公元一及二世紀起，佛教藝術更見形象化，人們創造出佛陀及菩薩的人型雕像，廣加複製及傳播。敘事式浮雕則向信眾展示釋迦牟尼佛的重要生平事蹟，為朝聖之行帶來啟發。最終佛像藝術沿著海路弘揚遐邇，禮拜佛像亦成為主流的修行模式。</div><div>Buddhism was a portable religion and its texts could be distributed everywhere and translated into any language. The bodily relics of Sakyamuni maintained their power wherever they were taken. Buddhist monastic orders were encouraged to travel, mingle with people from other cultures and religions, and to establish stupas. Buddhist veneration was originally manifested in relics of the physical remains of the Buddha. Early Buddhist did not, make representations of the Buddha for worship, and Sakyamuni was represented by symbols such as his footprint, the Bodhi tree, or the wheel of law. Then, from the first and second centuries CE, Buddhist art became more figurative, and images of the Buddha and bodhisattvas were created, copied and distributed. Narrative sculptures in bas relief reminded the faithful of the important events in the life of Sakyamuni and provided inspiration for pilgrimages. Consequently, Buddhist images spread widely along the maritime routes and their worship became the dominant practice. </div>",
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"desc": "<div>觀世音菩薩在佛教中作為慈悲的化身，在沿海環線上具有舉足輕重的地位。菩薩是水手遇難時的祈求對象，公元七世紀於東南亞各地，禮拜觀世音的風氣日漸盛行。當觀世音菩薩的塑像和信仰傳到中國沿岸時，中國早已有航海者的守護神祇，那就是媽祖。媽祖是大海的守護女神、航海的庇護者，與觀世音菩薩的角色類似。後來觀世音菩薩便與媽祖的女性形象結合，化身為「觀音」，在越南北部和中國備受崇敬，身為海上女神，悲憫庇佑一切眾生。<br></div><div>Avalokiteśvara, the embodiment of Buddhist compassion, was of great importance along the maritime routes. Known as a“ bodhisattva,” he became the patron saint of sailors called upon in times of peril. He gained popularity in the seventh century across Southeast Asia. When this image and story reached the Chinese coast, t he concept of a deity w ho p rotects s ailors w as already in place in the form of the goddess Mazu. She was the patroness of the sea and the protector of seafarers, a role similar to that played by Avalokiteśvara. The bodhisattva in his feminine form became known as Guanyin, and is revered in Northern Vietnam and in China as goddess of the sea as well as the source of compassion and good fortune for all.<br></div>",
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"desc": "<div>佛教石窟寺廟的故事，起源於公元前三世紀的印度孔雀王朝阿育王時代。石窟傳統最初發祥於古印度比哈爾邦，逐漸流傳至奧里薩邦、安得拉邦、卡納塔克邦和馬哈拉施特拉邦西部，當時這種藝術形式登峰造極，工匠利用簡陋的鐵器，搭配精確的切割技術，在陡峭的玄武岩懸崖壁開鑿石窟，蓬勃發展超過一千年。根據歷史記載，工匠將木雕的設計元素融入石窟寺廟的建造，匠藝精湛的雕刻師還能仿照木材的質感、紋理和結構雕刻岩石，部分更顯豪華的石窟寺廟由富商委託築建，附設柱子、拱門和精緻的正面外牆。印度西部豐富多樣的海岸線，帶動阿拉伯海域的交流往來，促進羅馬帝國與東南亞的繁榮海上貿易，而這些石窟也就在這段時期建成。微弱的光線照進洞穴，讓清涼與寧靜籠罩著窟中塔廟，石窟亦設有多間窟石，以滿足僧團用齋、休憩等日常起居需求。</div><div><br></div><div>The story of the Buddhist rock-cut monasteries began during the reign of the Maurya emperor Ashoka in the third century BCE. Initially located in ancient Bihar, India, the tradition gradually spread through Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and western Maharashtra, by which time the art form had reached its zenith. For over 1000 years, these sites flourished, hewn out of the rock in sheer basalt cliff faces with extraordinary precision, using rudimentary iron tools. Historically, artisans carried forward design elements from wood into their rock-cut temples, and skilled craftsmen carved rock to imitate timber texture, grain and structure. Some of the more sumptuous cave temples, commissioned by wealthy traders, included pillars, arches and elaborate facades. They were made during the period when maritime trade flourished between the Roman Empire and Southeast Asia, enabled by the diverse coastline of western India, which facilitated contact across the Arabian sea. These caves were designed to allow only a minimum of light inside, keeping them cool and ambient for monastic life, and supported the social functions of their spiritual communities (Sangha) with dining halls and dormitory cells.</div>",
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"desc": "<div>各國的佛教儀軌和慶典不盡相同。供養香花、衣食及日常用品等，是修善積福的法門；誦經持咒，是傳統禪坐的前行功夫，但對某些佛教傳統，這是儀軌的一部分。而所有的佛教國家，必定會藉由儀軌或慶典來紀念佛陀一生中的三件大事：誕生、成道和涅槃。</div><div>Buddhist rituals and ceremonies vary from country to country. In order to gain“ merit” or good fortune, gifts are made including food and flowers. Chanting is the traditional means of preparing the mind for meditation, and some forms of Buddhism also use chanting for ritualistic purposes. The three major events of the life of the Buddha (birth, enlightenment, and elevation to Nirvana) are commemorated in all Buddhist countries.</div>",
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"desc": "<div>從印度到中國旅程 尋訪佛教名寺古剎</div><div>這段從印度到中國的互動之旅，將為您展示九十座別具特色的佛教寺院全景影像。左右滑動螢幕上的海路地圖，就可遊歷每一座寺院遺址。</div><div>A variety of Buddhist traditions flourished within the Great Circle. As seen throughout this exhibition, each of these forms of Buddhism has distinct texts, rituals and practices associated with it. Fo Guang Shan practices “Humanistic Buddhism” amalgamating all Eight Schools of Chinese Buddhism, and flourishes with centers throughout the world. It carries forward the tradition at the heart of the Atlas, which is to bring Dharma across the five great continents.<br></div>",
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"desc": "<div>大圓環內多個佛教宗派先後湧現，如本展覽所見，各個佛教宗派都各有不同的經典、儀軌和修習方式。佛光山提倡的「人間佛教」融合且兼弘漢傳佛教大乘八宗，並於世界各地建設道場，將佛法弘揚全球五大洲，遍及數世紀以來海線佛教的樞紐地帶。</div><div>A variety of Buddhist traditions flourished within the Great Circle. As seen throughout this exhibition, each of these forms of Buddhism has distinct texts, rituals and practices associated with it. Fo Guang Shan practices “Humanistic Buddhism” amalgamating all Eight Schools of Chinese Buddhism, and flourishes with centers throughout the world. It carries forward the tradition at the heart of the Atlas, which is to bring Dharma across the five great continents.</div>"
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"desc": "歡迎您參與「勇闖海線絲路」LINE闖關 - <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http://lnago.com/ADOS8\">http://lnago.com/ADOS8</a>",
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